Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi\npopulation using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT\nimages of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucciâ??s classification.\nFisherâ??s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal\nconfiguration. Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars\n(85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in\nmaxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for\nthe maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex\nand root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P\n> 0.05). Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration,\nwhile a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars.\nIn maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In\nmaxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically.
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